Resumo A região Neotropical se destaca por possuir a maior riqueza de anfíbios do mundo. Cerca de 625 espécies de anuros são conhecidas na Mata Atlântica. As regiões montanhosas do sudeste do Brasil, denominadas Serra do Mar e Serra da Mantiqueira, são áreas muito importantes para a diversidade de anuros no país, pois abrigam estratos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica que possuem diversas espécies endêmicas. O presente estudo visa ampliar o conhecimento sobre os anuros da Serra da Mantiqueira, especificamente das altas bacias dos rios Preto e Grande. A área de estudo compreendeu 10 centros amostrais. Realizamos 38 campanhas, com duração de dois dias cada. Nesse período, utilizamos a busca ativa como pistas visuais e auditivas. A busca passiva foi composta por armadilhas de queda. Análises bioacústicas foram usadas para determinar as espécies crípticas. A suficiência do esforço amostral foi estimada através da curva de acumulação usando Bootstrap e Jackknife-1 como estimadores. Durante o estudo foram encontradas 55 espécies, sendo 40 delas na bacia do Rio Preto e 44 na bacia do Rio Grande. Vinte e nove espécies foram encontradas em ambas as bacias. A família Hylidae foi predominante, seguida por Leptodactylidae. Além de espécies da Mata Atlântica, o local abriga componentes típicos do bioma Cerrado e brejos de altitude com simpatrias inesperadas. Este inventário amplia a área de ocorrência de Scinax duartei, espécie considerada ameaçada. Embora adjacente ao parque nacional mais antigo do Brasil, a composição de espécies de anuros dessa área era desconhecida até então.

Abstract The Neotropical zone stands out for having the greatest richness of amphibians in the world. About 625 species of anurans are known on Atlantic Forest. The southeastern mountainous regions of Brazil called Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, are very important areas for the diversity of anurans in the country because they shelter remaining strata of the Atlantic Forest that have several endemic species. The present study aims to expand the knowledge about the Serra da Mantiqueira anurans, specifically from the Rio Preto and Rio Grande upper basins. The study area comprised 10 sample centers. We realized 38 campaigns, lasting two days each. During this period, we used active search as visual and auditory cues. The passive search was comprised of pitfall traps. Bioacoustic analyses were used to determine the cryptic species. The sufficiency of the sampling effort was estimated through the accumulation curve using Bootstrap and Jackknife-1 as estimators. During the study 55 species were found, 40 of them in the basin of the Rio Preto, and 44 in the basin of the Rio Grande. Twenty-nine species were found in both areas. The Hylidae family was predominant, followed by Leptodactylidae. In addition to species of the Atlantic Forest, the place houses typical components of the Cerrado biome and altitudinal swamps with unexpected sympatries. This inventory expands the area of occurrence of Scinax duartei, a species considered threatened. Although adjacent to the oldest national park in Brazil, the composition of anuran species of this area was unknown until then.

The aerospace industry is constantly looking for innovative materials that exhibit good mechanical and corrosion properties. The 2198-T851 (Al-Cu-Li) alloy was developed to replace the conventional Al-Cu-Mg in aircraft structures. Despite the usefulness of the 2198-T851 alloy, its performance may be affected when subjected to an aggressive medium containing chloride ions. The deposition of Nb2O5 coatings by using the reactive sputtering technique on the 2198-T851 alloy surface appears as a powerful tool to improve the corrosion resistance of this material. Recently, groundbreaking research findings have demonstrated the positive effect of Nb2O5 coatings on corrosion protection of alloy 2198-T851. However, the corrosion products originated from the 2198-T851 aluminium alloy are poorly understood. The use of Raman spectroscopy and XPS techniques may help to shed some light on the corrosion products of 2198-T851 alloy. Results demonstrated the corrosion products are mainly composed by CuCl2 x H2O, CuCl, Cu2Cl(OH)3, Al(OH)3, and AlO(OH).

Biomedical engineering has been constantly looking for the development of new materials that have bioactive surfaces and that are responsible for new bone formation, induce osteoblast differentiation and present antibacterial properties. Here, we present innovative and applied research to evaluate the influence of niobium pentoxide thin films (Nb2O5) deposited on the surface of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy via the reactive sputtering technique on antibacterial activity, on the cellular proliferation of MC3T3 cells and on biomineralization capacity. Results demonstrated the reactive sputtering technique improved the cell viability, the osteogenic performance of cells involved in the osseointegration process, the ability to delay bacterial proliferation within the first six hours of contact with S. aureus as well as the capacity to promote rapid amorphous apatite formation in vitro. These findings confirm the great potential of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy functionalized with Nb2O5 for future applications in implantable devices. properties Here NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 Ti6Al4V TiAlV Ti 6Al 4V Al V activity MCT MC T MC3T viability process S vitro Nb2O devices (Nb2O

We analyze the effects of dissipation in a charged oscillator in the presence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect by using time-dependent mass (m(t)) Hamiltonians. We consider two different models for the dissipative Hamiltonian and analyze the uncertainties (Δr and Δp) and the quantum mechanical expectation value of energy (⟨E⟩) in terms of time (t), damping parameters and flux parameter (v). For the Caldirola-Kanai model, we observe that the flux parameter v decreases the energy dissipation in a quantum dot for a certain range of t.

Investigamos o emaranhamento para o estado fundamental de duas partículas sem spin, carregadas e harmonicamente acopladas em uma armadilha de Penning. Encontramos uma expressão analítica para a entropia linear, L, e analisamos o grau de emaranhamento em função da variação da constante de acoplamento e dos parâmetros da armadilha de Penning. Os resultados mostram uma competição entre o acoplamento das partículas e os parâmetros da armadilha. Relacionamos os resultados com a incerteza na posição das partículas.

We investigate the entanglement-related features of the ground state of two spinless charged particles harmonically coupled in a Penning trap. We find an analytical expression for the linear entropy, L, and analyze the entanglement properties of the ground state as the trap parameters and coupling constant changes. The results show a competition between the coupling constant and trap parameters and can also be related to the uncertainty in the position of the particles.

Resumo: Ao descrever as festas observadas, especificamente, 1) festas de calendário, por exemplo, festa do dia das crianças, de Natal e Ano Novo, e 2) ritos de passagem, por exemplo, casamento e aniversários de crianças; durante trabalho de campo entre os Calons (pessoas ciganas) em Mamanguape na costa norte da Paraíba, Brazil, durante os anos de 2013 e 2014, propomos que as celebrações são momentos privilegiados para a realização e actualização do constituir-se Calon através de relações dialógicas de oposição ao juron (não-ciganos). Essas são as festas que performam a abundância e a ostentação na prática e escassez como um discurso, especialmente na presença de estrangeiros ou outros. Nesse sentido, a festa é considerada um produtor social, dialogando com a literatura que defende a “festa como perspectiva”, ou seja, não como um espelho, mas como uma função criativa da realidade (Perez 2012).

Abstract: In describing the parties observed, namely, 1) calendar parties, for example, Children's Day, Christmas and New Year's parties, and 2) rites of passage, for example, wedding and children's birthdays; during fieldwork between the Calons (Gypsy people) in Mamanguape on the north coast of Paraíba, Brazil, during the years 2013 and 2014, we propose that the celebrations are privileged moments for the realization and updating of making Calon through dialogical opposition relations to the juron (non-gypsies). These are the parties that perform abundance and ostentation as practices and scarcity as a speech, especially in the presence of foreigners or others. In this sense, the party is considered a social producer, dialoguing with the literature that defends the “party as perspective”, I.e., not as a mirror, but as a creative function of reality (Perez 2012).

Resumen: Al describir las fiestas observadas, específicamente, 1) fiestas de calendario, por ejemplo, día del niño, fiestas de Navidad y Año Nuevo, y 2) ritos de paso, por ejemplo, bodas y cumpleaños de niños; durante el trabajo de campo entre los Calons (gitanos) en Mamanguape en la costa norte de Paraíba, Brasil, durante los años 2013 y 2014, proponemos que las celebraciones son momentos privilegiados para la realización y actualización de la formación de Calón a través de relaciones dialógicas de oposición al juron (no gitanos). Estas son las fiestas que performan la abundancia y la ostentación como prácticas y la escasez como discurso, especialmente en presencia de extranjeros u otros. En este sentido, la fiesta se considera un productor social, dialogando con la literatura que defiende la “fiesta como una perspectiva”, es decir, no como un espejo, sino como una función creativa de la realidad (Pérez 2012).

Resumo O uso de materiais alternativos, em substituição ao clínquer, tem sido amplamente estudado, a fim de reduzir custos e minimizar os danos ambientais causados pela produção do cimento Portland. Investigou-se a influência do uso da cinza de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora), material rico em carbonato de cálcio, nos mecanismos de hidratação e formação das principais fases hidratadas do cimento Portland. As características físicas e químicas das matérias-primas foram avaliadas. Composições com 5%, 10% e 15% de cinza de algaroba foram analisadas e comparadas com o cimento Portland comercial com fíler calcário (6-10%), CPII-F. A cinza de algaroba é um potencial fíler alternativo para aplicação em sistemas cimentícios de base Portland, atuando de forma semelhante ao fíler calcário em termos de nucleação da fase C-S-H, estabilização da etringita e tendência à formação de carboaluminatos.

Abstract The use of alternative materials to substitute clinker has been widely studied to reduce costs, as well as to minimize environmental damage caused by the Portland cement production. It was evaluated the influence of the calcium-rich algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) ash on the Portland cement hydration mechanism, and its main hydrated phases. The physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials have been evaluated. Compositions containing 5%, 10%, and 15% of algaroba ash were analyzed and compared with commercial Portland cement with limestone filler (6-10%), CPII-F. The algaroba ash is a potential alternative filler for application in Portland-based cement systems. It acted similarly to the limestone filler regarding the C-S-H nucleation, ettringite stabilization and the tendency to form carboaluminates.

Neste trabalho investigamos as soluções da equação de Schrödinger de osciladores com massa dependente da posição utilizando o método algébrico de operadores escada e uma transformação canônica de ponto. Os resultados são ilustrados para um sistema onde m(x) ∝ x2. De posse das funções de onda, calculamos a informação de Fisher e a entropia de Shannon para a posição e momentum de uma partícula no estado fundamental deste sistema.

In this work we investigate the solutions of the Schrödinger equation of position-dependent mass oscillators by employing the algebraic method of ladder operators and a point canonical transformation. The results are illustrated for a system where m(x) ∝ x2. From the wave functions, we calculate the Fisher information and Shannon entropy in the position and momentum for a particle in the ground state of this system.

ResumoA versatilidade de materiais naturais como as argilas tem chamado a atenção para a sua aplicação em estudos científicos. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o enriquecimento dessas propriedades com a impregnação de SnO2 na superfície desse material, e seu comportamento como catalisador para a reação de transesterificação de óleo de soja. Para isso, uma bentonita foi selecionada, considerando os valores de capacidade de troca catiônica e teor de quartzo. A bentonita foi utilizada na forma pura e impregnada com SnO2 por dois métodos: solvotermal assistido por micro-ondas e Pechini modificado. Para avaliar a eficiência da impregnação, foram realizadas algumas caracterizações, como difração de raios X, adsorção de N2 e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, que mostraram uma melhor dispersão do SnO2no suporte utilizando o método Pechini modificado, o qual também apresentou melhor eficiência no teste catalítico para obtenção de biodiesel, reduzindo em 41,3% a viscosidade do óleo utilizado.

AbstractThe versatility of natural materials such as clays has drawn attention for their application in scientific studies. This study evaluated the enrichment of these properties with the impregnation of SnO2 on the surface of the material and its behavior as a catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil. With this purpose, a bentonite was selected considering the values of cation exchange capacity and quartz content. The bentonite has been used in the pure form and impregnated with SnO2 by two methods: the microwave-assisted solvothermal and the modified Pechini. Impregnation efficiency was evaluated by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscopy, which showed a better dispersion of the SnO2 when the modified Pechini method was used, and also showed higher efficiency for the catalytic production of biodiesel, reducing by 41.3% the viscosity of the used oil.

BACKGROUND: Rugby is a physically demanding body contact sport. Optimising dietary intake and body composition can positively affect the performance of rugby players. OBJECTIVES: To determine the body composition, habitual and game-specific nutritional practices of FNB Maties Varsity Cup (MVC) rugby players. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted. Of all the MVC rugby players (N=35), 18 completed the sections on body composition and match-day dietary intake, while 11 completed the habitual dietary intake section. Body composition data were collected by an International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry-accredited biokineticist. Habitual dietary intake data (via a self-administered 7-day food record) and match-day dietary strategies (via telephonic 24-hour recall interview) were collected and compared with nutritional requirements reported by the International Olympic Committee, the American Dietetic Association, the American College of Sports Medicine and the International Society of Sport Nutrition. RESULTS: Forwards had significantly higher weight (p=0.01), sum of seven skinfolds (p=0.01), percentage body fat (p=0.02), fat mass (p=0.01) and fat-free mass (p=0.01) than backs. Compared with current recommendations, group habitual dietary intake (mean (standard deviation)) was inadequate for total energy (45.4 (9.0) kcal/kg body weight (BW)), carbohydrate (4.3 (0.4) g/kg BW), polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.2 (1.7)% of total energy (TE)), calcium:protein ratio (6.5:1 (3.5:1)) and copper (2.3 (0.4) mg), while displaying higher-than-recommended intakes for total protein (2.4 (0.7) g/kg BW), fibre (37.7 (7.3) g/day), total fat (33.8 (4.3)% TE), saturated fatty acids (11.2 (13.1)% TE), cholesterol (766.3 (371.8) mg) and niacin (45.2 (6.9) μg). Habitual supplement use was high at 91% (n=10/11). Nutritional match-day strategies were excessive for protein (1.2 (0.6) g/kg BW) and fat (0.9 (0.4) g/kg BW) in the pre-event meal, inadequate for energy and carbohydrate during the game and excessive for alcohol (54.4 (59.9) g) after the game. CONCLUSION: Forwards and backs differed significantly in various body composition measurements. In relation to observed practices, habitual dietary intake and nutritional match-day strategies were suboptimal, with high reported supplement use. Players in this sport potentially could benefit from specialist input to optimise dietary strategies and body composition in order to enhance performance.

Objective: Malnutrition is associated with complications and prolonged hospital stay in critically ill patients. We assessed whether the measurement of the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (TAPM), a new tool to assess malnutrition is a valuable prognostic indicator in critically ill patients. Methods: Open cohort study including 248 patients admitted for either medical or surgical intensive care treatment in a tertiary hospital. Two were discharged for having age below 18 years-old and therefore 246 subjects of both sexes completed the entire analysis. Subjective global assessment and APACHE II scores were used to score the patients. TAPM of both hands was measured at admission with a caliper and correlated with mortality, days of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: There was a significant correlation (R = 0.84, p < 0.001) between TAPM of the right and the left hand. Severe malnourished patients showed TAPM of both the left (12.3 ± 5.5 mm) and right sides (12.9 ± 5.3 mm) significantly lower (p < 0.001) than either patients scored as nourished (right hand = 17.2 ± 5.4 mm and left hand = 15.8 ± 4.6 mm). Risk of death was approximately 8 times higher in patients with APACHEII score above 20 (OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 3.7-20.2; p < 0.001), and approximately 6 times higher in subjects with abnormal TAPM (OR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.2-32.6; p = 0.02). However, TAPM did not correlate with length of stay and days of mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: TAPM is a valuable tool to predict mortality in critically ill patients.

Objetivo: La desnutrición se asocia con complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria prolongada en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se evaluó si la medición del espesor del músculo aductor del pulgar (TAPM), una nueva herramienta para evaluar la desnutrición es valioso como indicador pronóstico en los pacientes críticamente enfermos. Métodos: Estudio abierto de cohorte que incluyó 248 pacientes ingresados para tratamiento de atención médica o quirúrgica intensiva en un hospital de tercer nivel. Dos de ellos fueron excluidos por tener menos de 18 años de edad y por lo tanto 246 sujetos de ambos sexos completaron todo el análisis. La valoración subjetiva global y puntuaciones de APACHE II se utilizaron en los pacientes. El TAPM de ambas manos se midió al ingreso con una pinza y se correlacionó con la mortalidad, los días de ventilación mecánica, y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria (LOS). Resultados: Se encontró una correlación significativa (r = 0,84, p < 0,001) entre TAPM de la mano derecha y la mano izquierda. Los pacientes con desnutrición severa mostraron TAPM tanto de la izquierda (12,3 ± 5,5 mm) y derecha (12,9 ± 5,3 mm) significativamente menor (p < 0,001) que los pacientes nutridos (lado derecho = 17,2 ± 5,4 mm y izquierda = 15,8 ± 4,6 mm). El riesgo de muerte fue de aproximadamente 8 veces mayor en pacientes con puntuación de APACHEII por encima de 20 (OR: 8,6, IC 95%: 3,7-20,2, p < 0,001), y aproximadamente 6 veces mayor en sujetos con resultados anormales en TAPM (OR: 6.3, 95% IC: 1,2-32,6, p = 0,02). Sin embargo, TAPM no se correlacionó con la duracion de la estancia y los días de ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: TAPM es una herramienta valiosa para predecir la mortalidad en pacientes críticamente enfermos.

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the route of nutritional therapy in patients with head trauma. Objective: We aimed at investigating whether early enteral (EN) or parenteral nutrition (TPN) may differ in protein/ calorie supply, serum glucose modifications, and acute phase response in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Twenty two patients with moderate TBI (Glasgow score between 9-12) were randomized to receive isocaloric and isonitrogeneous either EN (n = 12) or TPN (n = 10). The daily amount of calories and nitrogen (N) supplied, the nitrogen balance, and the daily serum level of glucose, C-reactive protein, and albumin were collected for 5 consecutive days. Clinical endpoints as length of stay and mortality were also compared. Results: Mortality was 9.1% (two cases) with one case in each group. A progressive caloric deficit occurred in both groups (p = 0.001) without difference between them. The mean serum glucose level in TNP patients (134.4, 95% CI = 122.6 to 146.2 mg/dl) was significantly higher than in the EN group (102,4; 95% CI 91.6 to 113.2 mg/dL) (p < 0.001). There was a trend (p = 0.06) of 24 h urinary N loss to be greater in TPN group which received higher amounts of N than the NE group (p < 0.05). However, nitrogen balance was similar in the two groups. There was no difference in either the clinical outcome variables or the acute phase response. Conclusion: Both routes were able to supply increasing provision of calories to brain injured patients. TPN provided significantly greater amount of nitrogen but losses were also greater. Nitrogen balance was similar with both types of therapy. Parenteral compared to enteral nutrition lead to greater hyperglycemia. There was no influence of the route in both the early inflammatory response and clinical outcome.

Introducción: Pocos estudios han evaluado la ruta de la terapia nutricional en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico. Objetivo: El objetivo fue investigar si la nutrición enteral (EN) o parenteral (TPN) precoz puede ser diferente en suministro de calorías y proteinas, en las modificaciones de glucosa sérica, y en la respuesta de fase aguda en pacientes con lesión cerebral traumática (TBI). Métodos: Veintidós pacientes con TBI moderado (puntuación de Glasgow entre 9 a 12) fueron aleatorizados para recibir de forma isocalórica y isonitrogenada EN (n = 12) o TPN (n = 10). La cantidad diaria de calorías y el nitrógeno (N) que se suministra, el balance de nitrógeno, y el nivel sérico de glucosa al día, la proteína C-reactiva, y la albúmina fueron recolectados durante 5 días consecutivos. Criterios de valoración clínicos como la duración de la estancia y la mortalidad también fueron comparados. Resultados: La mortalidad fue del 9,1% (dos casos) con un caso en cada grupo. Un déficit calórico progresivo se produjo en ambos grupos (p = 0,001), sin diferencia entre ellos. El nivel de glucosa sérica media de los pacientes com TNP (134.4, IC 95% = 122,6 a 146,2 mg/dl) fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo com EN (102,4 IC 95%: 91,6 a 113,2 mg/dl) (p < 0,001). Se observó una tendencia (p = 0,06) en la pérdida urinaria de N em 24 h ser mayor en el grupo TPN que recibió mayor cantidad de N que el grupo EN (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, el balance de nitrógeno fue similar en ambos grupos. No hubo diferencia en cualquiera de las variables de resultado clínico o la respuesta de fase aguda. Conclusión: Ambas rutas fueron capaces de suministrar cantidades diárias mayores de calorías para pacientes con lesión cerebral. Nutrición parenteral suministro cantidad mayores de nitrógeno, pero las pérdidas fueron tambiem mayores. El balance nitrogenado fue similar con ambos tipos de terapia. Parenteral en comparación con la nutrición enteral conduce a una mayor hiperglucemia. No hubo influencia de la ruta, tanto en la respuesta inflamatoria temprana y los resultados clínicos.

Introduction: No study so far has tested a beverage containing glutamine 2 h before anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate: 1) the safety of the abbreviation of preoperative fasting to 2 h with a carbohydrate-L-glutamine-rich drink; and 2) the residual gastric volume (RGV) measured after the induction of anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Methods: Randomized controlled trial with 56 women (42 (17-65) years-old) submitted to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized to receive either conventional preoperative fasting of 8 hours (fasted group, n = 12) or one of three different beverages drunk in the evening before surgery (400 mL) and 2 hours before the initiation of anesthesia (200 mL). The beverages were water (placebo group, n = 12), 12.5% (240 mOsm/L) maltodextrine (carbohydrate group, n = 12) or the latter in addition to 50 g (40 g in the evening drink and 10g in the morning drink) of L-glutamine (glutamine group, n = 14). A 20 F nasogastric tube was inserted immediately after the induction of general anesthesia to aspirate and measure the RGV. Results: Fifty patients completed the study. None of the patients had either regurgitation during the induction of anesthesia or postoperative complications. The median (range) of RGV was 6 (0-80) mL. The RGV was similar (p = 0.29) between glutamine group (4.5 [0-15] mL), carbohydrate group (7.0 [0-80] mL), placebo group (8.5 [0-50] mL), and fasted group (5.0 [0-50] mL). Conclusion: The abbreviation of preoperative fasting to 2 h with carbohydrate and L-glutamine is safe and does not increase the RGV during induction of anesthesia.

Introducción: Ningún estudio hasta el momento ha investigado una bebida que contiene glutamina 2 h antes de la anestesia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio fue investigar: 1) la seguridad de la abreviación del ayuno preoperatorio para 2 h con una bebida conteniendo carbohidratos y L-glutamina, y 2) el volumen gástrico residual (RGV), medido después de la inducción de la anestesia en colecistectomías laparoscópicas. Métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado con 56 mujeres (42 (17-65) años) sometidas a colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva. Las pacientes fueron aleatorizadas para recibir ayuno preoperatorio convencional de 8 horas (grupo ayuno, n = 12) o una de tres bebidas diferentes tomadas la noche antes de la cirugía (400 ml) y también 2 horas antes del inicio de la anestesia (200 ml). Las bebidas eran agua (grupo placebo n = 12), 12,5% (240 mOsm/l) maltodextrina (grupo carbohidrato, n = 12) o carbohidrato además de 50 g (40 g la noche anterior y 10 g por la mañana) de L-glutamina (grupo glutamina, n = 14). Una sonda nasogástrica 20 F fue insertada inmediatamente después de la inducción de la anestesia general para aspirar y medir el RGV. Resultados: Cincuenta pacientes completaron el estudio. Ninguno de los pacientes han presentado regurgitación durante la inducción de la anestesia ni complicaciones postoperatorias. La mediana (variación) del RGV fue de 6 (00-80) mL. El RGV fue similar (p = 0,29) entre el grupo glutamina (4,5 [0-15] mL), el grupo carbohidrato (7,0 [0,80] mL), grupo placebo (8,5 [0-50] mL), y grupo ayuno (5,0 [0-50] mL). Conclusión: La abreviación del ayuno preoperatorio para 2 h con carbohidratos y L-glutamina es seguro y no aumenta el RGV durante la inducción de la anestesia.

Neste experimento, foi definida uma combinação de sondas fluorescentes: iodeto de propídio (PI), aglutinina de Pisum sativum conjugada ao isotiocionato de fluoresceína (FITC-PSA) e JC-1. Para esta proposta, quatro ejaculados de três carneiros (n=12), que apresentavam motilidade >80% e alterações morfológicas <10%, foram diluídos em meio TALP e divididos em duas alíquotas. Uma alíquota foi submetida a três ciclos de flash frozen e descongelação, para induzir danos nas membranas celulares e distúrbios na função mitocondrial. Três tratamentos foram preparados com as seguintes proporções preestabelecidas de sêmen fresco: sêmen submetido a flash frozen: 0:100 (T0), 50:50 (T50) e 100:0 (T100). As amostras foram coradas no protocolo proposto e avaliadas por microscopia de epifluorescência. Para integridade de membrana plasmática, detectada pela sonda PI, foi obtida a equação: v=1,09+0,86X (R²=0,98). O acrossomo intacto, verificado pela sonda FITC-PSA, produziu a equação: v=2,76+0,92X (R²=0,98). O alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial, marcada em vermelho-alaranjado pelo JC-1, foi estimado pela equação: v=1,90+0,90X (R²=0,98). As equações lineares resultantes demonstraram que a técnica é eficiente e prática para avaliação simultânea das membranas plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial em espermatozoides de carneiros.

In this experiment, it was defined a protocol of fluorescent probes combination: propidium iodide (PI), fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA), and JC-1. For this purpose, four ejaculates from three different rams (n=12), all showing motility >80% and abnormal morphology <10%, were diluted in TALP medium and split into two aliquots. One of the aliquots was flash frozen and thawed in three continuous cycles, to induce damage in cellular membranes and to disturb mitochondrial function. Three treatments were prepared with the following fixed ratios of fresh semen:flash frozen semen: 0:100 (T0), 50:50 (T50), and 100:0 (T100). Samples were stained in the proposal protocol and evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy. For plasmatic membrane integrity, detected by PI probe, it was obtained the equation: v=1.09+0.86X (R²=0.98). The intact acrosome, verified by the FITC-PSA probe, produced the equation: v=2.76+0.92X (R²=0.98). The high mitochondrial membrane potential, marked in red-orange by JC-1, was estimated by the equation: v=1.90+0.90X (R²=0.98). The resulting linear equations demonstrate that this technique is efficient and practical for the simultaneous evaluations of the plasmatic, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes in ram spermatozoa.

O pequizeiro é considerado uma planta típica do Cerrado do Brasil Central, predominando sobre as outras no ambiente, com elevada importância para a economia goiana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biodiversidade da entomofauna presente nas plantas do pequizeiro em dezesseis populações do Estado de Goiás. Foram avaliadas 313 plantas de pequizeiro, através de visitas com vistoria do terço inferior da planta. Os insetos foram capturados em partes vegetais, com auxílio de rede entomológica ou obtidos no laboratório. O comportamento dos insetos visitantes foi registrado através de observações, descrição e criação em laboratório de algumas espécies com elevada população a campo. Também, foram anotados dados referentes à ocorrência, local de ataque e oviposição e tipo de sintomas. As espécies de insetos com as porcentagens de ocorrência registrados nas diferentes populações de plantas de pequizeiro pertenciam às ordens, respectivamente: Hemiptera (25,64 %), Coleoptera (17,95 %), Lepidoptera (16,67 %), Hymenoptera (15,39 %), Diptera (11,54 %), Orthoptera (6,41 %), Neuroptera (2,56 %), Isoptera (1,28 %), Thysanoptera (1,28 %), Psicoptera (1,28 %). As espécies encontradas com maior freqüência nas dezesseis populações de pequizeiro foram: Eulechriops sp. (100 %), Edessa rufomarginata (100 %), Rhodoneura intermedia (100 %), Atta laevigatta (100 %), Eunica bechina (93,75 %), Lyriomisia sp. (93,75 %) e Phydotricha erigens (81,75 %). As espécies Thagona tibiali, A. laevigatta, R. intermedia, Carmenta sp., E. rufomarginata e E. bechina podem ser consideradas potenciais pragas do pequizeiro no Cerrado do Estado de Goiás, devido aos danos causados as plantas. Estudos posteriores são necessários para entender a dinâmica de populações destes insetos e suas relações com o hospedeiro nas diferentes eco-regiões do Cerrado goiano.

The pequizeiro is considered a typical plant of Cerrado of the Brazilian Middle West, predominating on others in the environment, with elevated importance for the economy from Goiás. The objective of this research was to study the entomofauna occurrence, in pequizeiro plants of sixteen populations of Goiás State. There were evaluated 313 pequizeiro plants, through inspection of third part of the base of the plants. The insects were captured from parts of the plants, using entomologic net or through the laboratory. The behavior of the insects visitors was registered through observations, description and creation in laboratory of some species with high population to field. Also, data were logged according to the occurrence, place of attack or oviposition and type of symptoms. The Open pasture of the state of Goiás possesses rich entomofauna associated to the pequizeiro. The captured species and their respective occurrence percentage belong to the following orders: Hemiptera (25.64 %), Coleoptera (17.95 %), Lepidoptera (16.67 %), Hymenoptera (15.39 %), Diptera (11.54 %), Orthoptera (6.41 %), Neuroptera (2.56 %), Isoptera (1.28 %), Thysanoptera (1.28 %), Psicoptera (1.28 %). The species with the highest frequency in all the populations of pequizeiro were: Eulechriops sp. (100 %), Atta laevigatta (100 %), Eunica bechina (93.75 %), Lyriomisia sp. (93.75 %), Edessa rufomarginata (100 %), Rhodoneura intermedia (100 %) and Phydotricha sp. (81.25 %). The species Thagona tibiali, A. laevigatta, R. intermedia, Carmenta sp. e E. rufomarginata can be considered potential plague of pequizeiro at Cerrados of Goias State. Further studies are necessary to understand the population dynamic of these insects and their relations with the host from different eco-regions of Goiás cerrados.